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비즈니스·회사

회의, 계약, 인수, 해고까지 실무 회화 · 379

act on

ON

~을 근거로 행동하다

to take action based on something

We acted on the manager's advice.

LV.2 활용

back out (of)

OUT (OF)

(약속을) 파토 내다, 빠지다

to withdraw from a promise or deal

They backed out of the deal last minute.

LV.2 활용

break into

INTO

(집 등에) 침입하다; (시장에) 진출하다

to enter by force; to enter a field

Someone broke into our office last night.

LV.2 활용

break through

THROUGH

돌파하다, 한계를 넘다

to force a way through a barrier

Scientists finally broke through the problem.

LV.3 원어민

break even

EVEN

손익분기점에 도달하다

to make neither profit nor loss

We broke even in our first year.

LV.3 원어민

bring in

IN

도입하다; (수입을) 벌어들이다

to introduce; to earn

The company brought in a new policy.

LV.2 활용

bring out

OUT

출시하다; (잠재된 면을) 끌어내다

to release a product; to draw out a quality

They brought out a new phone model.

LV.2 활용

bring about

ABOUT

~을 초래하다, 일으키다

to cause something to happen

The war brought about huge changes.

LV.3 원어민

bring down

DOWN

떨어뜨리다; (정권을) 무너뜨리다

to reduce; to cause to fall

We need to bring down costs.

LV.2 활용

burn out

OUT

번아웃 오다, 지쳐 버리다

to become exhausted from overwork

Don't work overtime every day or you'll burn out.

LV.1 필수

call off

OFF

(행사·약속을) 취소하다

to cancel an event

They called off the game due to rain.

LV.1 필수

call back

BACK

다시 전화하다

to return a phone call

Can I call you back in ten minutes?

LV.1 필수

call for

FOR

~을 요구하다; (상황이) ~을 필요로 하다

to require or demand

This situation calls for quick action.

LV.2 활용

carry on

ON

계속하다

to continue doing something

Carry on. I didn't mean to interrupt.

LV.1 필수

carry out

OUT

(계획·명령을) 수행하다

to complete a task or plan

The team carried out the plan perfectly.

LV.2 활용

carry over

OVER

다음으로 이월되다

to continue into the next period

Unused vacation days carry over to next year.

LV.3 원어민

close down

DOWN

(가게·사업이) 폐업하다

to stop operating permanently

The bakery closed down last month.

LV.1 필수

come up

UP

다가오다; (화제·문제가) 올라오다

to approach; to be mentioned or arise

Something urgent came up at work.

LV.1 필수

come up with

UP WITH

(아이디어를) 떠올리다, 내놓다

to think of an idea or plan

We need to come up with a better plan.

LV.1 필수

come in

IN

들어오다; (새 제품·유행이) 나오다

to enter; to become available

Come in and take a seat.

LV.1 필수

come through

THROUGH

(약속·도움이) 실제로 이루어지다

to do what was promised

He came through when we needed him.

LV.3 원어민

count on

ON

~을 믿고 의지하다

to rely on someone

You can count on me anytime.

LV.1 필수

crack down (on)

DOWN (ON)

강력 단속하다

to enforce rules more strictly

The city is cracking down on illegal parking.

LV.3 원어민

cut back

BACK

줄이다 (지출·활동)

to reduce spending or activity

We cut back on travel this year.

LV.2 활용

cut corners

CORNERS

짭짤이 하다, 물타기로 때우다

to do something cheaply or carelessly

Never cut corners on safety.

LV.3 원어민

deal with

WITH

처리하다, 대처하다

to handle a problem or person

I'll deal with the emails later.

LV.1 필수

do away with

AWAY WITH

없애다, 폐지하다

to get rid of something

The school did away with exams.

LV.3 원어민

draw up

UP

(문서·계획을) 작성하다

to prepare a document

The lawyer drew up the contract.

LV.3 원어민

dress down

DOWN

호되게 야단치다

to scold someone severely

The boss dressed him down in public.

LV.3 원어민

fall behind

BEHIND

뒤처지다; 밀리다

to fail to keep pace

I fell behind on my assignments.

LV.2 활용

fall through

THROUGH

(계획이) 결국 무산되다

to fail to happen

The deal fell through at the end.

LV.2 활용

fill in

IN

(빈칸을) 채우다; (자리를) 대신하다; 상황을 알려주다

to complete; to substitute; to inform

Fill in your name and address.

LV.2 활용

fit in with

IN WITH

~과/일정에 맞다

to match a group or schedule

The meeting fits in with my schedule.

LV.2 활용

follow up

UP

후속 조치를 취하다

to take further action after something

I'll follow up with an email.

LV.2 활용

follow through (on)

THROUGH (ON)

끝까지 해내다

to finish what you started

He never follows through on promises.

LV.3 원어민

get around to

AROUND TO

(밀린 일을) 이제야 처리하다

to finally find time for a task

I finally got around to cleaning the garage.

LV.3 원어민

get back

BACK

돌아오다; 되찾다; (사람에게) 회신하다

to return; to get something again; to reply later

What time did you get back from Jeju?

LV.1 필수

get ahead

AHEAD

성공하다, 앞서 나가다

to make progress in career or life

Networking helps you get ahead.

LV.2 활용

get on with

ON WITH

~을 계속 진행하다; ~와 잘 지내다

to continue; to have a good relationship

Get on with your homework.

LV.2 활용

get down to

DOWN TO

(본격적으로) 착수하다

to start doing something seriously

Let's get down to business.

LV.2 활용

get in on

IN ON

~에 끼어들다, 참여하다

to join an activity

Can I get in on the game?

LV.3 원어민

get out of

OUT OF

~을 빠져나가다; (의무를) 회피하다

to escape from; to avoid a duty

How do I get out of this meeting?

LV.2 활용

go over

OVER

~을 훑어보다, 복습하다

to review or examine

Let's go over the plan one more time.

LV.2 활용

go over well

OVER WELL

호평받다

to be received well

My joke didn't go over well.

LV.2 활용

go about

ABOUT

(일을) 처리하다, 착수하다

to approach a task

How do you go about getting a visa?

LV.3 원어민

go ahead

AHEAD

먼저 하다, 진행하다

to proceed or begin

Go ahead, eat without me.

LV.1 필수

go against

AGAINST

~에 반하다, 거스르다

to oppose or contradict

That goes against company policy.

LV.2 활용

go under

UNDER

파산하다; 잠수하다

to go bankrupt; to sink

The restaurant went under in six months.

LV.3 원어민

grow into

INTO

~로 자라나다; (역할에) 익숙해지다

to develop into; to become comfortable in

He's growing into a great leader.

LV.3 원어민

hand in

IN

(과제·물건을) 제출하다

to submit something

Hand in your essay by Friday.

LV.1 필수

hand out

OUT

나눠주다, 배포하다

to distribute to a group

The teacher handed out worksheets.

LV.1 필수

hand over

OVER

넘겨주다, 인도하다

to give control or an object to someone

Hand over the keys, please.

LV.2 활용

hold up

UP

지연시키다; 강도 사건을 일으키다; 견디다

to delay; to rob; to remain strong

Traffic held us up for an hour.

LV.2 활용

hold out

OUT

버티다; (희망 등을) 보이다

to resist; to offer hope

They held out for a better offer.

LV.3 원어민

jump at

AT

(기회를) 놓치지 않고 잡다

to accept eagerly

She jumped at the chance to study abroad.

LV.3 원어민

jump on

ON

~을 (기회·실수에) 신속히 달려들다

to criticize or seize quickly

The press jumped on his mistake.

LV.3 원어민

kick off

OFF

시작되다, 개막하다

to begin an event

The festival kicks off tonight.

LV.2 활용

knock off

OFF

(일을) 끝내다; (가격을) 깎다

to finish work; to reduce a price

What time do you knock off today?

LV.3 원어민

lay off

OFF

(일시적으로) 해고하다; ~을 줄이다

to dismiss workers; to stop annoying

The company laid off 200 workers.

LV.2 활용

lay out

OUT

배치하다; (계획을) 상세히 설명하다

to arrange; to explain in detail

She laid out the options clearly.

LV.3 원어민

lay down

DOWN

놓다; (규칙을) 정하다

to put down; to establish rules

The school laid down strict rules.

LV.3 원어민

lead up to

UP TO

~으로 이어지다; ~을 향해 다가가다

to approach gradually an event

The weeks leading up to the exam were tense.

LV.3 원어민

lead to

TO

~로 이어지다, 초래하다

to result in

One email led to a whole career.

LV.1 필수

let go

GO

놓아주다; 해고하다; 마음을 놓다

to release; to fire; to move on

Let go of the rope slowly.

LV.2 활용

live up to

UP TO

(기대에) 부응하다

to meet expectations

The movie lived up to the hype.

LV.3 원어민

look forward to

FORWARD TO

~을 기대하다

to feel excited about a future event

I'm looking forward to the trip.

LV.1 필수

look into

INTO

~을 조사하다

to investigate

I'll look into the issue today.

LV.2 활용

look over

OVER

훑어보다, 검토하다

to examine quickly

Look over the contract before signing.

LV.2 활용

look the other way

THE OTHER WAY

모른 척 넘어가다

to deliberately ignore something wrong

The manager looked the other way.

LV.3 원어민

move on

ON

다음으로 넘어가다; 과거를 놓다

to proceed; to accept change

Let's move on to question three.

LV.1 필수

move up

UP

자리를 옮기다; 승진하다; 앞당기다

to advance; to reschedule earlier

She moved up to senior designer.

LV.2 활용

pass on

ON

전하다, 전달하다; 거절하다

to relay; to decline

Please pass on the message.

LV.2 활용

pass up

UP

(기회를) 놓치다, 거절하다

to refuse an opportunity

Don't pass up this chance.

LV.3 원어민

pay off

OFF

빚을 탕감하다; 결실을 맺다

to settle a debt; to bring good results

We paid off the car loan.

LV.2 활용

point out

OUT

지적하다, 알려주다

to mention or show a fact

She pointed out my typos.

LV.1 필수

pull off

OFF

(어려운 일을) 해내다

to succeed at something difficult

She pulled off the presentation brilliantly.

LV.2 활용

pull out

OUT

철수하다, 빠지다

to withdraw from a place or deal

The investor pulled out at the last minute.

LV.3 원어민

push through

THROUGH

밀어붙여 통과시키다

to force approval of something

They pushed the law through Parliament.

LV.3 원어민

push for

FOR

~을 강력히 요구하다

to demand strongly

The union is pushing for a raise.

LV.2 활용

push back

BACK

일정을 미루다; 반발하다

to delay; to resist

They pushed back the launch to May.

LV.2 활용

put off

OFF

연기하다; (약속을) 지키지 않다; 역겹게 하다

to postpone; to discourage

Let's put off the trip until June.

LV.1 필수

put out

OUT

(불을) 끄다; (제품·소식을) 내놓다

to extinguish; to release

Firefighters put out the blaze.

LV.2 활용

put together

TOGETHER

조립하다; 종합하다

to assemble; to compile

I put together the bookshelf myself.

LV.1 필수

put forward

FORWARD

(의견·후보를) 내세우다

to propose an idea or name

She put forward a bold proposal.

LV.3 원어민

put in

IN

제출하다; (노력·시간을) 투자하다

to submit; to invest effort

I put in a request for vacation.

LV.2 활용

put back

BACK

제자리에 돌려놓다; 일정을 뒤로 미루다

to return; to delay

Put the milk back in the fridge.

LV.2 활용

roll out

OUT

정식 출시하다, 확대 배포하다

to launch widely

The bank is rolling out a new app.

LV.2 활용

rule out

OUT

가능성을 배제하다

to exclude as an option

Don't rule out studying abroad.

LV.3 원어민

run into

INTO

우연히 만나다; (문제·빚에) 부딪치다

to meet by chance; to encounter

I ran into my old teacher downtown.

LV.1 필수

run through

THROUGH

~을 빠르게 훑다; 반복 연습하다

to review quickly; to rehearse

Let's run through the song once more.

LV.2 활용

run late

LATE

늦어지다

to be behind schedule

Sorry, I'm running late.

LV.1 필수

see through

THROUGH

~을 끝까지 해내다; ~의 본질을 간파하다

to complete; to detect the truth

I'll see the project through.

LV.3 원어민

see to

TO

~을 챙기다, 처리하다

to deal with or arrange

I'll see to the reservations.

LV.2 활용

sell out

OUT

매진되다; (신념을) 팔아넘기다

to sell all stock; to betray values

Tickets sold out in five minutes.

LV.2 활용

sell off

OFF

(헐값에) 매각하다

to sell assets cheaply

The chain sold off its stores.

LV.3 원어민

set up

UP

설치하다; 차리다; 함정에 빠뜨리다

to arrange; to establish; to frame

Help me set up the printer.

LV.1 필수

set out

OUT

출발하다; (목표를) 명시하다

to begin a journey; to explain clearly

They set out for the summit at 4 a.m.

LV.3 원어민

set back

BACK

지연시키다; (비용이) 들다

to delay; to cost

The storm set us back two weeks.

LV.3 원어민

shut down

DOWN

폐쇄하다; (컴퓨터를) 종료하다

to close permanently; to power off

The site was shut down by regulators.

LV.1 필수

slip up

UP

실수하다

to make a careless mistake

We can't slip up on this deadline.

LV.3 원어민

sort out

OUT

정리하다; 해결하다; 분류하다

to organize or fix

I need to sort out my schedule.

LV.2 활용

speak up

UP

목소리를 높이다; 솔직히 말하다

to talk louder; to voice an opinion

Speak up, the mic is far.

LV.2 활용

stand out

OUT

돋보이다, 눈에 띄다

to be easily noticed

Her red coat stands out in the snow.

LV.2 활용

stand by

BY

대기하다; 지지하다; 지켜보기만 하다

to wait ready; to support; to watch passively

Stand by for further updates.

LV.2 활용

stand in (for)

IN (FOR)

대역을 하다, 대신하다

to substitute temporarily

I'm standing in for the host today.

LV.3 원어민

take off

OFF

(비행기가) 이륙하다; 옷을 벗다; 휴가를 내다; 급성장하다

to leave the ground; to remove; to take leave; to succeed quickly

The plane took off on time.

LV.1 필수

take on

ON

(일·책임을) 맡다; (직원을) 고용하다

to accept work; to hire

Don't take on more than you can handle.

LV.2 활용

take over

OVER

인수하다; 인계받다; (무언가가) 뒤덮다

to gain control; to replace

A bigger firm took over the startup.

LV.2 활용

take over from

OVER FROM

~에게서 (일을) 인계받다

to replace someone in a role

Minji will take over from me next week.

LV.3 원어민

take on board

ON BOARD

(의견을) 받아들이다

to accept and consider

We'll take your feedback on board.

LV.3 원어민

take place

PLACE

열리다, 개최되다

to happen or be held

The wedding takes place in May.

LV.1 필수

take care of

CARE OF

돌보다; 처리하다

to look after; to handle

Take care of yourself, okay?

LV.1 필수

take advantage of

ADVANTAGE OF

~을 (기회로) 활용하다; ~을 속여 이용하다

to use an opportunity; to exploit

Take advantage of the free trial.

LV.2 활용

take pride in

PRIDE IN

~을 자랑스러워하다

to feel proud of

She takes pride in her work.

LV.2 활용

talk over

OVER

상의하다

to discuss

Let's talk it over dinner.

LV.2 활용

think over

OVER

숙고하다

to consider carefully

Think it over before you sign.

LV.1 필수

think through

THROUGH

철저히 따져 보다

to consider all consequences

Think it through before quitting.

LV.3 원어민

throw in

IN

(덤으로) 끼워주다; (아이디어를) 제안하다

to add for free; to suggest

They threw in a free case.

LV.3 원어민

try back

BACK

다시 연락하다

to call again later

Try back after five.

LV.3 원어민

turn down

DOWN

거절하다; (볼륨·불을) 낮추다

to refuse; to reduce

She turned down the job offer.

LV.1 필수

turn around

AROUND

급반전시키다; (경영을) 살리다

to reverse a bad situation

The new CEO turned the company around.

LV.3 원어민

turn in

IN

제출하다; (경찰에) 넘기다; 잠자리에 들다

to submit; to hand over; to go to bed

Turn in your essays by noon.

LV.3 원어민

turn over

OVER

뒤집다; (사업·정보를) 넘기다

to flip; to transfer

Turn over the pancake now.

LV.3 원어민

wait on

ON

(식당 등에서) 시중을 들다

to serve customers

She waited on six tables at once.

LV.3 원어민

wake up to

UP TO

~을 (문제로) 자각하다

to become aware of a problem

The industry woke up to the risk.

LV.3 원어민

walk out

OUT

(항의로) 퇴장하다; 파업하다

to leave angrily; to strike

Half the staff walked out of the meeting.

LV.3 원어민

walk through

THROUGH

(절차를) 짚어 보다; 차근차근 설명하다

to explain step by step

Let me walk you through the process.

LV.2 활용

wear down

DOWN

지쳐 굴복시키다; 닳게 하다

to exhaust into agreement; to erode

They wore her down with constant calls.

LV.3 원어민

wind down

DOWN

긴장을 풀다; (사업을) 단계적으로 접다

to relax; to close gradually

I need an hour to wind down after work.

LV.3 원어민

work out

OUT

해결되다; 운동하다; (계산이) 맞다

to succeed; to exercise; to calculate

Everything will work out fine.

LV.1 필수

work in

IN

얻어 넣다, 끼워 넣다

to fit into a schedule or text

Can you work in a 15-minute call?

LV.3 원어민

wrap up

UP

마무리하다; 포장하다

to finish; to package

Let's wrap up the meeting.

LV.1 필수

write off

OFF

손절하다; (손실을) 장부에서 지우다; (차를) 폐차 수준으로 박다

to dismiss; to cancel a debt

Don't write off the rookie yet.

LV.3 원어민

write up

UP

(보고서로) 정리해 쓰다; 야단법석 떨다

to write a report on; to criticize officially

I'll write up the findings tonight.

LV.3 원어민

beef up

UP

강화하다, 보강하다

to strengthen or improve

Beef up your resume with projects.

LV.3 원어민

bounce back

BACK

빠르게 회복하다

to recover quickly

She bounced back from surgery fast.

LV.2 활용

branch out

OUT

사업·활동 분야를 넓히다

to expand into new areas

The café is branching out into catering.

LV.3 원어민

gun for

FOR

(상대·목표를) 노리다

to pursue aggressively

They're gunning for the top spot.

LV.3 원어민

shore up

UP

보강하다, 지지대를 대다

to support or strengthen

The bank shored up its reserves.

LV.3 원어민

level with

WITH

~에게 솔직히 말하다

to be honest with someone

Let me level with you.

LV.3 원어민

gloss over

OVER

(문제를) 대충 덮고 지나가다

to avoid discussing details

Don't gloss over the risks.

LV.3 원어민

hammer out

OUT

(디테일을) 몰아서 타결하다

to reach agreement after effort

We hammered out the deal terms.

LV.3 원어민

hash out

OUT

(논쟁 끝에) 합의하다

to discuss until resolved

We hashed out a schedule.

LV.3 원어민

phase out

OUT

단계적으로 폐지하다

to discontinue gradually

Plastic bags are being phased out.

LV.3 원어민

line up

UP

준비하다, 확보하다; 일렬로 세우다

to arrange; to align

I lined up three interviews.

LV.2 활용

open up

UP

마음을 열다; (가게가) 문을 열다; (기회가) 생기다

to share feelings; to start business; to become available

He opened up about his anxiety.

LV.1 필수

gear up (for)

UP (FOR)

(준비를) 마무리하다, 각오하다

to prepare for

We're gearing up for the launch.

LV.3 원어민

scrub out

OUT

(일정·계획을) 취소하다

to cancel (like a rocket launch)

The demo got scrubbed out.

LV.3 원어민

suck up (to)

UP (TO)

(아부로) 살길 찾다

to flatter for advantage

He's always sucking up to the manager.

LV.2 활용

throw together

TOGETHER

급조하다

to make quickly without care

I threw together a quick salad.

LV.3 원어민

switch over

OVER

(다른 것으로) 전환하다

to change to something else

We switched over to the new system.

LV.2 활용

come down to

DOWN TO

결국 ~에 귀결되다

to be reduced to the key point

It comes down to trust.

LV.3 원어민

crop up

UP

(문제·기회가) 별안간 생기다

to appear unexpectedly

Issues keep cropping up.

LV.3 원어민

ease up

UP

(강도·압박이) 누그러지다; 천천히 하다

to become less intense

Ease up on the accelerator.

LV.3 원어민

fill in for

IN FOR

누군가를 대신하다

to substitute for someone

Can you fill in for me tomorrow?

LV.2 활용

iron out

OUT

(문제·디테일을) 매끈하게 풀다

to remove difficulties or details

Let's iron out the schedule.

LV.3 원어민

narrow down

DOWN

후보를 좁히다

to reduce the number of options

Narrow down your topic to one page.

LV.2 활용

phase in

IN

단계적으로 도입하다

to introduce gradually

The tool will be phased in over Q3.

LV.3 원어민

play down

DOWN

(문제를) 축소해서 말하다

to make something seem less important

They played down the delay.

LV.3 원어민

scrape through

THROUGH

아슬아슬하게 통과하다

to barely succeed

He scraped through the exam.

LV.3 원어민

single out

OUT

(여럿 중) 한 명을 특별히 지목하다

to choose one person specially

The judge singled out her essay.

LV.3 원어민

sit in on

IN ON

(회의·수업에) 참관하다

to attend as an observer

Can I sit in on the lecture?

LV.3 원어민

spring up

UP

갑자기 우후죽순 생기다

to appear or grow quickly

Cafés are springing up everywhere.

LV.3 원어민

step down

DOWN

사임하다, 물러나다

to resign from a position

The CEO stepped down last week.

LV.2 활용

step in

IN

개입하다, 나서다

to intervene

The referee stepped in quickly.

LV.2 활용

step up

UP

한 단계 올리다; 주도권을 잡다

to increase; to take initiative

We need to step up our game.

LV.2 활용

thrash out

OUT

두들겨 패며 합의점을 찾다

to discuss intensely to resolve

We thrashed out the budget all night.

LV.3 원어민

tie in with

IN WITH

~과 부합하다, 연결되다

to match or connect with

His account ties in with hers.

LV.3 원어민

touch on

ON

~을 (가볍게) 언급하다

to mention briefly

The talk touches on AI ethics.

LV.3 원어민

set about

ABOUT

(일에) 착수하다

to begin a task

She set about cleaning immediately.

LV.3 원어민

account for

FOR

설명하다; (비중이) ~를 차지하다

to explain; to constitute

How do you account for the missing files?

LV.2 활용

allow for

FOR

~을 고려에 넣다

to consider when planning

Allow for delays when you plan the trip.

LV.3 원어민

bail out

OUT

(위기에서) 구해주다; (탈것에서) 급히 뛰쳐나가다

to rescue from trouble; to jump out

His parents bailed him out of debt again.

LV.3 원어민

bank on

ON

~을 철저히 기대하다

to depend on confidently

Don't bank on the weather staying nice.

LV.3 원어민

blow over

OVER

(소동·논란이) 가라앉다

to pass and be forgotten

Wait for the scandal to blow over.

LV.3 원어민

boil down to

DOWN TO

결국 ~에 요약되다

to have as the main point

It boils down to trust.

LV.3 원어민

break off

OFF

(관계·회의·약혼을) 끊다/중단하다

to end or stop suddenly

They broke off the engagement.

LV.3 원어민

buy out

OUT

(지분·회사를) 사들이다

to buy a company or someone's share

A bigger rival bought them out.

LV.3 원어민

check over

OVER

꼼꼼히 검사하다

to examine carefully

Check over your answers before submitting.

LV.2 활용

come up against

UP AGAINST

(장벽·반대에) 부딪히다

to face an obstacle or opposition

We came up against strong resistance.

LV.3 원어민

cope with

WITH

(힘든 일에) 대처하다

to manage a difficult situation

How do you cope with pressure?

LV.2 활용

cover for

FOR

대신 일하다; (잘못을) 덮어주다

to substitute at work; to hide someone's fault

Can you cover for me on Friday?

LV.3 원어민

cry out for

OUT FOR

~이 절실히 필요하다

to urgently need something

The industry is crying out for talent.

LV.3 원어민

dash off

OFF

휙 써내다

to write quickly and carelessly

I dashed off a quick reply.

LV.3 원어민

dispose of

OF

처분하다, 폐기하다

to get rid of formally

Dispose of batteries properly.

LV.3 원어민

dole out

OUT

조금씩 나눠주다

to give out in small amounts

The agency doles out grants monthly.

LV.3 원어민

draw out

OUT

(이야기·과정을) 끌어내다/늘리다

to encourage someone to talk; to prolong

She drew out the shy student.

LV.3 원어민

drum up

UP

(관심·손님을) 불러일으키다

to create support or business

We drummed up interest on social media.

LV.3 원어민

eat into

INTO

(시간·예산을) 잠식하다

to use up part of something

Commuting eats into my evenings.

LV.3 원어민

embark on

ON

(큰일에) 착수하다, 떠나다

to start a major project or journey

She embarked on a new career.

LV.3 원어민

enter into

INTO

(계약·협상에) 들어가다

to begin a formal relationship

They entered into a partnership.

LV.3 원어민

fall off

OFF

줄어들다; 떨어지다

to decrease; to drop from something

Sales fell off in the off-season.

LV.1 필수

fold up

UP

(사업을) 접다; 접어 개다

to close a business; to fold

The startup folded up after two years.

LV.3 원어민

forge ahead

AHEAD

단호하게 나아가다

to move forward with determination

We're forging ahead with the plan.

LV.3 원어민

get across

ACROSS

(의견을) 전달해 이해시키다

to make an idea understood

I couldn't get my point across.

LV.2 활용

go after

AFTER

추구하다, 노리다

to pursue

Go after the job you actually want.

LV.1 필수

go along with

ALONG WITH

~에 동의해 따르다

to agree with or accept

I'll go along with your idea.

LV.2 활용

go into

INTO

(세부를) 다루다; (분야에) 들어가다

to discuss in detail; to enter a field

Let's not go into every detail.

LV.2 활용

head off

OFF

(문제를) 미리 차단하다; 돌려세우다

to prevent in advance; to turn away

We headed off the crisis with early talks.

LV.3 원어민

hold down

DOWN

(자리를) 유지하다; 억누르다

to keep a job; to suppress

He can't hold down a job for long.

LV.3 원어민

hold off

OFF

(비 등이) 오지 않고 버티다; 물리치다

to delay; to keep away

The rain held off until the game ended.

LV.3 원어민

hush up

UP

(사건을) 덮다, 입 막다

to keep something secret

They tried to hush up the scandal.

LV.3 원어민

jot down

DOWN

적어두다 (휘갈겨 메모)

to write down quickly

Jot down the wifi password.

LV.2 활용

knock down

DOWN

부수다; (가격을) 내리다; (사람을) 치어 넘어뜨리다

to demolish; to reduce; to strike down

They knocked down the old wall.

LV.2 활용

let up

UP

(비·압박이) 누그러지다

to become less intense

The rain won't let up all week.

LV.3 원어민

look ahead

AHEAD

앞날을 내다보다

to think about the future

Look ahead, not behind.

LV.2 활용

nail down

DOWN

확정하다, 못 박다

to settle or fix firmly

Let's nail down the date tonight.

LV.3 원어민

opt out

OUT

선택 탈퇴하다

to choose not to take part

You can opt out of the emails anytime.

LV.3 원어민

pile up

UP

쌓이다, 밀리다

to accumulate

The dishes piled up all week.

LV.1 필수

press on

ON

계속 밀고 나가다

to continue despite difficulty

Press on — we're almost done.

LV.3 원어민

print out

OUT

인쇄하다

to produce a paper copy

Print out the contract for the meeting.

LV.1 필수

prop up

UP

떠받치다, 지탱하다

to support something weak

The government propped up the bank.

LV.3 원어민

pull away

AWAY

(차가) 떠나다; (경쟁에서) 앞서나가다

to move off; to move ahead

The bus pulled away before I reached it.

LV.3 원어민

pull back

BACK

물러나다, 철수하다

to withdraw from a position

The company pulled back from the market.

LV.3 원어민

put down to

DOWN TO

~탓으로 돌리다

to attribute something to a cause

I put the delay down to traffic.

LV.3 원어민

put in for

IN FOR

신청하다 (지원·휴가)

to make an official request

I put in for a transfer to Busan.

LV.3 원어민

rake in

IN

돈을 왕창 벌어들이다

to earn a lot of money

His channel is raking in ad money.

LV.3 원어민

buy up

UP

있는 만큼 매집하다

to buy all of something

Fans bought up the album in hours.

LV.3 원어민

cover up

UP

(흔적·진실을) 덮다, 은폐하다

to hide the truth about something

They covered up the defect for years.

LV.3 원어민

drive up

UP

(가격·수요를) 올리다

to force a price upward

Speculators drove up apartment prices.

LV.3 원어민

farm out

OUT

외주로 넘기다

to send work to outside people

We farm out design work to freelancers.

LV.3 원어민

firm up

UP

확정하다, 다지다

to make more definite

Firm up the schedule by Friday.

LV.3 원어민

flock to

TO

우르르 몰려들다

to gather somewhere in large numbers

Tourists flock to Jeju in spring.

LV.3 원어민

flood in

IN

쏟아져 들어오다

to arrive in huge numbers

Applications flooded in after the post.

LV.3 원어민

level off

OFF

(상승세가) 평탄해지다

to stop rising and become steady

Growth leveled off in Q3.

LV.3 원어민

meet with

WITH

~와 회담하다; (반응을) 얻다

to have a meeting; to receive a reaction

The CEO met with investors today.

LV.3 원어민

move in on

IN ON

(남의 영역에) 침범하다

to take over someone's territory

Rivals are moving in on our market.

LV.3 원어민

play out

OUT

(사건이) 전개되다

to develop or unfold

Let's watch how the situation plays out.

LV.3 원어민

rack up

UP

(점수·비용을) 쌓아 올리다

to accumulate a score or debt

They racked up three wins in a row.

LV.3 원어민

rely on

ON

의지하다, 신뢰하다

to depend on with confidence

You can rely on her to deliver.

LV.1 필수

ride out

OUT

(폭풍·위기를) 무사히 넘기다

to survive a difficult period

The firm rode out the recession.

LV.3 원어민

ring back

BACK

다시 전화하다 (영국식)

to return a call (BrE)

I'll ring back within the hour.

LV.2 활용

roll back

BACK

(가격·규제를) 원래대로 되돌리다

to return to a previous state

The store rolled back prices for the sale.

LV.3 원어민

rope in

IN

일에 끌어들이다

to persuade someone to join

I got roped in to organize the party.

LV.3 원어민

round off

OFF

깔끔하게 마무리하다

to finish something nicely

Dessert rounded off the meal perfectly.

LV.3 원어민

run for

FOR

(선거에) 출마하다

to be a candidate in an election

She's running for class president.

LV.3 원어민

run past

PAST

~에게 보여 물어보다

to share for feedback

Run the draft past your mentor.

LV.3 원어민

run up against

UP AGAINST

예상 밖의 장애에 부딪히다

to encounter an obstacle

We ran up against strict regulations.

LV.3 원어민

seal off

OFF

출입을 봉쇄하다

to close an area completely

Police sealed off the whole block.

LV.3 원어민

see out

OUT

끝까지 채우다; 배웅하다

to last until the end; to escort out

He saw out his contract quietly.

LV.3 원어민

seize on

ON

(기회·실수를) 놓치지 않고 잡다

to grab eagerly

The media seized on the comment.

LV.3 원어민

sell up

UP

(집·사업을) 팔아 정리하다

to sell one's house or business

They sold up and moved to the coast.

LV.3 원어민

send for

FOR

~을 불러오다/주문하다

to order or summon

Send for a doctor, quickly.

LV.3 원어민

send out

OUT

발송하다, 내보내다

to distribute to many people

We sent out 500 invitations.

LV.1 필수

shape up

UP

형태를 갖추다; 제대로 하라

to develop; to improve behavior

The project is shaping up nicely.

LV.3 원어민

shoot down

DOWN

(아이디어를) 사격하듯 깎아내리다

to reject ideas immediately

My boss shot down every suggestion.

LV.3 원어민

sketch out

OUT

개요를 대충 짜다

to outline roughly

Sketch out the plot before writing.

LV.3 원어민

slack off

OFF

게을리하다, 힘을 빼다

to work less hard than you should

Don't slack off before the deadline.

LV.3 원어민

smooth over

OVER

(갈등·문제를) 매끈하게 풀다

to make a problem seem less serious

She smoothed over the misunderstanding.

LV.3 원어민

soldier on

ON

힘들어도 버텨나가다

to continue despite difficulty

We'll soldier on until the launch.

LV.3 원어민

sound out

OUT

떠보다

to test someone's opinion indirectly

Sound out the team before deciding.

LV.3 원어민

spell out

OUT

낱낱이 명확히 설명하다

to explain clearly and in detail

Spell out the rules for new members.

LV.3 원어민

spin off

OFF

파생되다/파생시키다

to create as a by-product or spinoff

The studio spun off a sequel.

LV.3 원어민

spur on

ON

자극해 밀어붙이다

to encourage someone to act

The deadline spurred us on.

LV.3 원어민

stand down

DOWN

(직위·경계에서) 물러나다

to resign; to end alertness

The chairman stood down after ten years.

LV.3 원어민

start off

OFF

~로 시작하다

to begin in a particular way

Let's start off with introductions.

LV.1 필수

start out

OUT

출발하다; 처음엔 ~였다

to begin a journey or career

She started out as an intern.

LV.2 활용

start up

UP

(회사를) 차리다; (기계가) 시동 걸다

to launch a business; to start an engine

They started up a small studio.

LV.2 활용

sum up

UP

요약하다; 총평하다

to summarize

To sum up, we need more data.

LV.2 활용

tap into

INTO

(자원·시장을) 활용하다

to make use of a resource

Tap into your alumni network.

LV.3 원어민

tie up

UP

묶다; (일을) 매듭짓다; (교통을) 마비시키다

to fasten; to finish; to block

Tie up the loose ends today.

LV.3 원어민

tone down

DOWN

(말·색·분위기를) 부드럽게 하다

to make less intense

Tone down the slang in the report.

LV.3 원어민

trawl through

THROUGH

자료를 샅샅이 뒤지다

to search through a lot of material

I trawled through 200 applications.

LV.3 원어민

try for

FOR

(상·자리를) 노리다

to attempt to win or get

Try for the scholarship — you never know.

LV.2 활용

type up

UP

타이핑해 정리하다

to write up in finished form

Type up the minutes tonight.

LV.2 활용

wade through

THROUGH

(방대한 자료를) 힘겹게 다 읽다

to get through with effort

I waded through the 400-page manual.

LV.3 원어민

walk away from

AWAY FROM

(문제·관계에서) 떠나다; (사고를) 무사히 벗어나다

to leave; to survive unharmed

Sometimes you walk away from a bad deal.

LV.2 활용

water down

DOWN

(주장·콘텐츠를) 희석하다

to make weaker or less strong

They watered down the statement.

LV.3 원어민

weed out

OUT

잡초 뽑듯 골라내다

to remove unwanted items or people

Weed out the duplicates first.

LV.3 원어민

weigh up

UP

저울질해 판단하다

to consider pros and cons

Weigh up the offers side by side.

LV.3 원어민

whittle down

DOWN

조금씩 줄여나가다

to reduce gradually

Whittle the list down to ten.

LV.3 원어민

work on

ON

(개선을 위해) 작업하다

to spend time improving something

I'm working on my listening skills.

LV.1 필수

answer for

FOR

~에 책임지다; ~을 대변하다

to be responsible for; to speak for

You'll answer for this mistake.

LV.3 원어민

beat out

OUT

(경쟁자를) 꺾다, 이기다

to defeat a competitor

We beat out five other agencies.

LV.3 원어민

block off

OFF

(길·시간을) 막다, 비워두다

to close access; to reserve time

They blocked off the street for the festival.

LV.2 활용

bog down

DOWN

늪에 빠지게 하다 (진행이 더디다)

to become stuck in detail or delay

Don't get bogged down in details.

LV.3 원어민

brace for

FOR

(충격에) 마음의 준비를 하다

to prepare for something bad

Brace yourself for bad news.

LV.3 원어민

bump up

UP

(수치·등급을) 올리다

to increase a number or level

They bumped up the price by 10%.

LV.2 활용

call around

AROUND

여러 곳에 전화 돌리다

to phone several places

I'll call around for a cheaper quote.

LV.2 활용

cash in on

IN ON

(기회·유행을) 이용해 돈 벌다

to profit from an opportunity

Brands cashed in on the trend.

LV.3 원어민

cater to

TO

~에 맞춰주다

to serve the needs of a group

The café caters to remote workers.

LV.3 원어민

check into

INTO

조사하다; (호텔에) 체크인하다

to investigate; to register at a hotel

Check into the refund policy first.

LV.2 활용

come out with

OUT WITH

(말·제품을) 내놓다, 내뱉다

to say unexpectedly; to release

He came out with a wild suggestion.

LV.3 원어민

count against

AGAINST

~에 불리하게 작용하다

to be a disadvantage to someone

His lack of degree counted against him.

LV.3 원어민

deal in

IN

(상품을) 취급하다, 거래하다

to trade in goods

This shop deals in vintage cameras.

LV.3 원어민

finish up

UP

마무리하다; 마저 다 쓰다

to complete the last part

Finish up your homework first.

LV.1 필수

flush out

OUT

(숨은 것을) 쫓아내 드러나게 하다

to force something hidden into the open

The audit flushed out hidden costs.

LV.3 원어민

force out

OUT

(밀어내서) 쫓아내다

to push someone or something out

Cheap imports forced out local makers.

LV.2 활용

frown on

ON

못마땅하게 여기다

to disapprove of something

The company frowns on remote work.

LV.3 원어민

get behind

BEHIND

밀리다; (사람·계획을) 지지하다

to fall behind schedule; to support

I got behind on emails during the holiday.

LV.2 활용

get in with

IN WITH

(영향력 있는 사람과) 판을 같이하다

to become friendly with influential people

He got in with the senior devs fast.

LV.3 원어민

go beyond

BEYOND

~을 넘어서다

to exceed something

This goes beyond a simple apology.

LV.2 활용

heat up

UP

데우다; (상황이) 과열되다

to warm; to become intense

Heat up the leftovers for lunch.

LV.1 필수

hedge against

AGAINST

(리스크에) 대비해 방어하다

to protect against a risk

Hedge against inflation with index funds.

LV.3 원어민

hold together

TOGETHER

결속시키다; 무너지지 않고 버티다

to keep a group or thing intact

Her humor holds the team together.

LV.3 원어민

key in

IN

(키보드로) 입력하다

to enter data by typing

Key in the code and press enter.

LV.1 필수

kill off

OFF

전멸시키다; 서서히 없애다

to destroy completely or gradually

The pesticide killed off the bees.

LV.3 원어민

knock back

BACK

꿀꺽 넘기다; (제안을) 되돌려 보내다

to drink quickly; to reject

He knocked back two espressos.

LV.3 원어민

lay on

ON

(음식·서비스를) 마련하다

to provide or organize

They laid on free lunch for staff.

LV.3 원어민

lead off

OFF

(회의·행사를) 시작하다

to begin a meeting or event

Lead off with your best point.

LV.3 원어민

leak out

OUT

(정보가) 새어 나가다

to become known secretly

The specs leaked out before the launch.

LV.2 활용

look to

TO

~에게 기대다; ~을 향하다

to depend on; to expect from

We look to you for leadership.

LV.3 원어민

make good on

GOOD ON

(약속·협박을) 실제로 이행하다

to fulfill a promise

He made good on his refund promise.

LV.3 원어민

map out

OUT

(계획을) 치밀하게 짜다

to plan in detail

Map out your week every Sunday.

LV.2 활용

mark up

UP

(가격을) 올리다; (문서에) 수정 표시하다

to raise a price; to add notes

Stores mark up flowers before holidays.

LV.3 원어민

measure up

UP

기준에 미치다, 견주어 보다

to reach the required standard

Does the candidate measure up?

LV.3 원어민

muscle in on

IN ON

힘으로 남의 영역에 끼어들다

to force one's way into something

Bigger firms muscled in on our niche.

LV.3 원어민

push on

ON

계속 나아가다

to continue a journey or task

Let's push on to the summit.

LV.3 원어민

ramp up

UP

(규모·속도를) 확대하다

to increase sharply

We're ramping up production for Q4.

LV.3 원어민

rough out

OUT

러프하게 초안 짜다

to make a rough plan or sketch

Rough out the design before coding.

LV.3 원어민

scale back

BACK

(규모를) 축소하다

to reduce in size or amount

They scaled back the event due to rain.

LV.3 원어민

scale up

UP

(규모를) 확대하다

to increase in size or amount

The kitchen scaled up for delivery apps.

LV.3 원어민

sign on

ON

등록하다, 계약하다

to commit to join an organization

She signed on as a freelancer.

LV.2 활용

sit on

ON

(결정·정보를) 묵혀두다

to delay action on something

They've been sitting on my application for weeks.

LV.3 원어민

smooth out

OUT

매끈하게 하다; (문제점을) 걷어내다

to make even; to remove difficulties

Smooth out the creases before hanging it.

LV.2 활용

speak for

FOR

~을 대변하다; (자리를) 차지하다

to represent; to reserve

Speak for yourself — I love Mondays.

LV.2 활용

speed up

UP

속도를 올리다

to move or happen faster

Speed up — the light's about to change.

LV.1 필수

stamp out

OUT

(나쁜 것을) 근절하다

to end something bad completely

The campaign stamped out smoking in parks.

LV.3 원어민

swear in

IN

취임 선서를 시키다

to give an official oath

The judge was sworn in on Monday.

LV.3 원어민

toss around

AROUND

(아이디어를) 주고받으며 논의하다

to discuss casually

Let's toss some names around.

LV.2 활용

bow out (of)

OUT (OF)

(무대·경쟁에서) 우아하게 물러나다

to withdraw gracefully

She bowed out of the race gracefully.

LV.3 원어민

bring forward

FORWARD

(일정을) 앞당기다; (안건을) 제출하다

to move earlier; to present

Can we bring the launch forward a week?

LV.3 원어민

build on

ON

~을 기반으로 발전시키다

to develop from a base

Build on what already works.

LV.2 활용

build up

UP

(근육·기대·교통을) 키우다/쌓이다

to develop gradually; to accumulate

Build up your stamina slowly.

LV.1 필수

bulk up

UP

덩치를 키우다; (수량을) 늘리다

to gain muscle; to increase volume

He bulked up over the winter.

LV.3 원어민

button up

UP

단추를 채우다; (일을) 빈틈없이 마무리하다

to fasten buttons; to finalize

Button up your coat — it's windy.

LV.2 활용

clock in

IN

(출근을) 기록하다

to record your arrival at work

Clock in before 9 sharp.

LV.2 활용

clock out

OUT

(퇴근을) 기록하다

to record your departure from work

I clock out at six on Fridays.

LV.2 활용

come down on

DOWN ON

호되게 질책하다

to criticize or punish severely

The manager came down on him hard.

LV.3 원어민

come under

UNDER

(비판·검토를) 받다

to be subjected to criticism or review

The policy came under fire.

LV.3 원어민

crank out

OUT

기계처럼 계속 찍어내다

to produce a lot quickly

The factory cranks out 500 cars a day.

LV.3 원어민

crowd out

OUT

(자리·시간을) 밀어내다

to take up all the space or time

Meetings crowded out deep work.

LV.3 원어민

cut into

INTO

(시간·이익을) 침범하다

to take away from time or profit

Shipping costs cut into our margins.

LV.2 활용

cut through

THROUGH

(복잡한 것을) 관통해 간파하다

to get through confusion quickly

Cut through the noise and focus.

LV.3 원어민

dive into

INTO

(일·자료에) 과감히 뛰어들다

to start eagerly and deeply

Dive into the docs before coding.

LV.2 활용

drag out

OUT

질질 끌다; (이야기를) 끄집어내다

to prolong; to bring out reluctantly

Stop dragging out the decision.

LV.2 활용

drill down (into)

DOWN (INTO)

(데이터를) 층층이 들여다보다

to examine data in more detail

Drill down into the churn numbers.

LV.3 원어민

drive home

HOME

(요점을) 확실히 각인시키다

to make a point unmistakably clear

Let me drive the point home with a story.

LV.3 원어민

edge out

OUT

아슬아슬한 차로 밀어내다

to defeat narrowly

She edged out the favorite by 0.1 seconds.

LV.3 원어민

expand on

ON

(주제를) 더 자세히 펼치다

to say more about something

Can you expand on that point?

LV.3 원어민

fire off

OFF

(메일·질문을) 연달아 쏘다

to send quickly and sharply

She fired off three emails before lunch.

LV.3 원어민

fizzle out

OUT

시시하게 꺼져 가다

to end weakly

The hype fizzled out in a month.

LV.3 원어민

head up

UP

(팀·프로젝트를) 이끌다

to lead a team or project

She heads up our design team.

LV.3 원어민

jump ship

SHIP

(회사·팀을) 떠나다

to abandon a company or team

Three engineers jumped ship last month.

LV.3 원어민

jump the gun

THE GUN

성급하게 먼저 나가다

to start before the right time

Don't jump the gun — wait for the announcement.

LV.3 원어민

knuckle down

DOWN

본격적으로 마음잡아 일하다

to start working seriously

Time to knuckle down before finals.

LV.3 원어민

lie with

WITH

(책임·선택이) ~에게 있다

to be the responsibility of

The final call lies with the CEO.

LV.3 원어민

lose out (to)

OUT (TO)

(경쟁에서) 밀리다

to miss a chance because of someone else

We lost out to a cheaper bidder.

LV.2 활용

mop up

UP

(마지막 걸) 닦아 치우다; 완전 점령하다

to finish the last bits; to win everything

I'll mop up the last of the soup.

LV.3 원어민

muddle through

THROUGH

얼렁뚱땅 해치우다

to manage despite confusion

We'll muddle through without a manual.

LV.3 원어민

opt in

IN

선택 참여하다

to choose to take part

Opt in to the beta program.

LV.3 원어민

paper over

OVER

(문제를) 겉으로만 덮다

to hide a problem without solving it

They papered over the disagreement.

LV.3 원어민

pencil in

IN

잠정적으로 잡아두다

to arrange tentatively

Pencil in a review for Friday.

LV.3 원어민

plan ahead

AHEAD

미리 계획하다

to think about future needs now

Plan ahead for busy seasons.

LV.1 필수

pull together

TOGETHER

힘을 모으다; (자료를) 취합하다

to cooperate; to assemble

Pull together and we'll finish by five.

LV.2 활용

reach out (to)

OUT (TO)

(먼저) 연락하다, 손 내밀다

to contact someone for help or connection

Reach out if you need anything.

LV.2 활용

rein in

IN

(통제하던 것을) 절제하다

to bring under control

Rein in your spending this month.

LV.3 원어민

rent out

OUT

임대하다, 빌려주다

to let someone use for money

They rent out bikes by the hour.

LV.2 활용

report back

BACK

결과를 보고하다

to return and give information

Report back to me by tomorrow.

LV.2 활용

resort to

TO

마지막 수단으로 의지하다

to use as a last option

Don't resort to cheap tricks.

LV.3 원어민

result in

IN

~을 초래하다

to cause a particular result

The delay resulted in a lost client.

LV.2 활용

sail through

THROUGH

(시험·난관을) 거뜬히 통과하다

to pass easily

She sailed through the interview.

LV.3 원어민

send in

IN

(응모·제출물을) 보내다

to submit something

Send in your application by Friday.

LV.1 필수

sew up

UP

바느질로 잇다; (계약을) 싹 묶다

to stitch; to secure completely

The deal is all sewn up.

LV.3 원어민

shoot for

FOR

도전해 보다, 노리다

to aim for an ambitious goal

Shoot for 10 customers this month.

LV.2 활용

shoot up

UP

(수치가) 치솟다

to rise very fast

Prices shot up overnight.

LV.2 활용

sift through

THROUGH

(자료를) 체로 걸러 조사하다

to examine carefully to find what matters

Sift through the feedback for patterns.

LV.3 원어민

sign in

IN

(출석·접속을) 기록하다

to record your arrival

Sign in at the front desk.

LV.1 필수

sign off (on)

OFF (ON)

(결재·승인하다); (방송을) 마치다

to approve; to end a broadcast

The director signed off on the budget.

LV.3 원어민

sign out

OUT

기록을 마치고 나오다; 로그아웃하다

to record departure; to log out

Sign out of shared computers.

LV.1 필수

slim down

DOWN

(조직·몸매를) 슬림화하다

to reduce size or cost

The company slimmed down its product line.

LV.2 활용

snow under

UNDER

(일에) 파묻히다

to be overwhelmed with work

I'm snowed under with deadlines.

LV.3 원어민

squeeze in

IN

(빠른 일정에) 끼워 넣다

to fit something into a busy schedule

Can you squeeze in a 10-minute call?

LV.2 활용

tally up

UP

합산하다

to add up numbers

Tally up the receipts at closing.

LV.3 원어민

taper off

OFF

서서히 줄어들다

to decrease gradually

Sales taper off after the holidays.

LV.3 원어민

team up (with)

UP (WITH)

팀을 이루다, 합류하다

to join forces with someone

We teamed up with a local studio.

LV.1 필수

thrive on

ON

~에서 오히려 생기를 얻다

to enjoy and do well because of something

She thrives on tight deadlines.

LV.3 원어민

trot out

OUT

(낡은 논거를) 재탕하다

to present an old idea as if new

They trotted out the same excuses.

LV.3 원어민

turn away

AWAY

돌아서다; (문을) 거절하다

to refuse entry or help

Hundreds were turned away at the door.

LV.2 활용